在学徒学习（AL）中，我们在没有获得成本函数的情况下给予马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）。相反，我们观察由根据某些政策执行的专家采样的轨迹。目标是找到一个与专家对某些预定义的成本函数的性能相匹配的策略。我们介绍了AL的在线变体（在线学徒学习; OAL），其中代理商预计与环境相互作用，在与环境互动的同时相互表现。我们表明，通过组合两名镜面血缘无遗憾的算法可以有效地解决了OAL问题：一个用于策略优化，另一个用于学习最坏情况的成本。通过采用乐观的探索，我们使用$ O（\ SQRT {k}）$后悔派生算法，其中$ k $是与MDP的交互数量以及额外的线性错误术语，其取决于专家轨迹的数量可用的。重要的是，我们的算法避免了在每次迭代时求解MDP的需要，与先前的AL方法相比，更实用。最后，我们实现了我们算法的深层变体，该算法与Gail \ Cite {Ho2016Generative}共享了一些相似之处，但在鉴别者被替换为OAL问题的成本。我们的模拟表明OAL在高维控制问题中表现良好。

Software Defect Prediction aims at predicting which software modules are the most probable to contain defects. The idea behind this approach is to save time during the development process by helping find bugs early. Defect Prediction models are based on historical data. Specifically, one can use data collected from past software distributions, or Versions, of the same target application under analysis. Defect Prediction based on past versions is called Cross Version Defect Prediction (CVDP). Traditionally, Static Code Metrics are used to predict defects. In this work, we use the Class Dependency Network (CDN) as another predictor for defects, combined with static code metrics. CDN data contains structural information about the target application being analyzed. Usually, CDN data is analyzed using different handcrafted network measures, like Social Network metrics. Our approach uses network embedding techniques to leverage CDN information without having to build the metrics manually. In order to use the embeddings between versions, we incorporate different embedding alignment techniques. To evaluate our approach, we performed experiments on 24 software release pairs and compared it against several benchmark methods. In these experiments, we analyzed the performance of two different graph embedding techniques, three anchor selection approaches, and two alignment techniques. We also built a meta-model based on two different embeddings and achieved a statistically significant improvement in AUC of 4.7% (p < 0.002) over the baseline method.

Reranking methods in machine translation aim to close the gap between common evaluation metrics (e.g. BLEU) and maximum likelihood learning and decoding algorithms. Prior works address this challenge by training models to rerank beam search candidates according to their predicted BLEU scores, building upon large models pretrained on massive monolingual corpora -- a privilege that was never made available to the baseline translation model. In this work, we examine a simple approach for training rerankers to predict translation candidates' BLEU scores without introducing additional data or parameters. Our approach can be used as a clean baseline, decoupled from external factors, for future research in this area.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been the subject of active research, significantly advancing the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). From BERT to BLOOM, LLMs have surpassed state-of-the-art results in various natural language tasks such as question answering, summarization, and text generation. Many ongoing efforts focus on understanding LLMs' capabilities, including their knowledge of the world, syntax, and semantics. However, extending the textual prowess of LLMs to symbolic reasoning has been slow and predominantly focused on tackling problems related to the mathematical field. In this paper, we explore the use of LLMs for automated planning - a branch of AI concerned with the realization of action sequences (plans) to achieve a goal, typically executed by intelligent agents, autonomous robots, and unmanned vehicles. We introduce Plansformer; an LLM fine-tuned on planning problems and capable of generating plans with favorable behavior in terms of correctness and length with reduced knowledge-engineering efforts. We also demonstrate the adaptability of Plansformer in solving different planning domains with varying complexities, owing to the transfer learning abilities of LLMs. For one configuration of Plansformer, we achieve ~97% valid plans, out of which ~95% are optimal for Towers of Hanoi - a puzzle-solving domain.

Monocular Depth Estimation (MDE) is a fundamental problem in computer vision with numerous applications. Recently, LIDAR-supervised methods have achieved remarkable per-pixel depth accuracy in outdoor scenes. However, significant errors are typically found in the proximity of depth discontinuities, i.e., depth edges, which often hinder the performance of depth-dependent applications that are sensitive to such inaccuracies, e.g., novel view synthesis and augmented reality. Since direct supervision for the location of depth edges is typically unavailable in sparse LIDAR-based scenes, encouraging the MDE model to produce correct depth edges is not straightforward. In this work we propose to learn to detect the location of depth edges from densely-supervised synthetic data, and use it to generate supervision for the depth edges in the MDE training. %Despite the 'domain gap' between synthetic and real data, we show that depth edges that are estimated directly are significantly more accurate than the ones that emerge indirectly from the MDE training. To quantitatively evaluate our approach, and due to the lack of depth edges ground truth in LIDAR-based scenes, we manually annotated subsets of the KITTI and the DDAD datasets with depth edges ground truth. We demonstrate significant gains in the accuracy of the depth edges with comparable per-pixel depth accuracy on several challenging datasets.

This study concerns the formulation and application of Bayesian optimal experimental design to symbolic discovery, which is the inference from observational data of predictive models taking general functional forms. We apply constrained first-order methods to optimize an appropriate selection criterion, using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to sample from the prior. A step for computing the predictive distribution, involving convolution, is computed via either numerical integration, or via fast transform methods.

A master face is a face image that passes face-based identity authentication for a high percentage of the population. These faces can be used to impersonate, with a high probability of success, any user, without having access to any user information. We optimize these faces for 2D and 3D face verification models, by using an evolutionary algorithm in the latent embedding space of the StyleGAN face generator. For 2D face verification, multiple evolutionary strategies are compared, and we propose a novel approach that employs a neural network to direct the search toward promising samples, without adding fitness evaluations. The results we present demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a considerable coverage of the identities in the LFW or RFW datasets with less than 10 master faces, for six leading deep face recognition systems. In 3D, we generate faces using the 2D StyleGAN2 generator and predict a 3D structure using a deep 3D face reconstruction network. When employing two different 3D face recognition systems, we are able to obtain a coverage of 40%-50%. Additionally, we present the generation of paired 2D RGB and 3D master faces, which simultaneously match 2D and 3D models with high impersonation rates.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

量子计算为某些问题提供了指数加速的潜力。但是，许多具有可证明加速的现有算法都需要当前不可用的耐故障量子计算机。我们提出了NISQ-TDA，这是第一个完全实现的量子机学习算法，其在任意经典（非手动）数据上具有可证明的指数加速，并且仅需要线性电路深度。我们报告了我们的NISQ-TDA算法的成功执行，该算法应用于在量子计算设备以及嘈杂的量子模拟器上运行的小数据集。我们从经验上证实，该算法对噪声是可靠的，并提供了目标深度和噪声水平，以实现现实世界中问题的近期，无耐受耐受性的量子优势。我们独特的数据加载投影方法是噪声鲁棒性的主要来源，引入了一种新的自我校正数据加载方法。

自我监督的对比表示学习提供了从未标记的医学数据集中学习有意义的视觉表示的优势，以进行转移学习。但是，将当前的对比度学习方法应用于医疗数据而不考虑其特定区域的解剖学特征可能会导致视觉表示，这些视觉表示在外观和语义上是不一致的。在本文中，我们建议通过解剖学对比度学习（AWCL）改善医学图像的视觉表示，该学习结合了解剖学信息，以以对比度学习方式增强正/阴性对采样。为自动化的胎儿超声成像任务展示了所提出的方法，从而使从解剖学上相似的相同或不同的超声扫描实现了正对，这些扫描在解剖学上相似，可以将其拉在一起，从而改善了表示的学习。我们从经验上研究了与粗粒和细粒度的粒度纳入解剖信息的效果，以进行对比学习，并发现使用细粒度的解剖学信息的学习能够保留阶层内差异比其对应物更有效。我们还分析了解剖比对我们的AWCL框架的影响，发现使用更独特但解剖学上的样品构成阳性对的影响会带来更好的质量表示。大规模胎儿超声数据集的实验表明，我们的方法对学习表征有效，可以很好地转移到三个临床下游任务，并且与受监督的Imagenet和当前的先进对比度学习方法相比，取得了优越的性能。特别是，在跨域分割任务上，AWCL的表现优于Imagenet监督方法，高于13.8％，基于最先进的对比度方法的方法为7.1％。